Struggling with infertility can be one of the most emotionally challenging experiences in a couple’s life. When natural conception doesn’t happen, many turn to assisted reproductive techniques like IVF or ICSI. But in some situations, especially when there’s no sperm found in the male partner’s semen, another method called TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration) becomes necessary.
TESA is a minor surgical procedure that allows doctors to extract sperm directly from the testicles. It has brought hope to many couples who dream of becoming parents. In Kathmandu, this procedure is becoming more common as awareness about fertility treatments grows.
If you or someone close to you is considering TESA, it’s important to understand the process, who it’s meant for, what recovery looks like, and how much TESA cost in Kathmandu. Think of this guide as a friend walking you through everything you need to know—no medical jargon, just easy explanations.
What is TESA?
TESA stands for Testicular Sperm Aspiration. It’s a technique used to retrieve sperm straight from the testicles in men who have no sperm present in their semen—a condition known as azoospermia.
There are two main types of azoospermia:
- Obstructive Azoospermia: This occurs when sperm production is normal, but a blockage (such as from a vasectomy or congenital absence of vas deferens) prevents the sperm from reaching the semen.
- Non-obstructive Azoospermia: This type happens when the testicles produce little or no sperm at all due to issues like hormone imbalances, testicular failure, or genetic factors.
TESA is particularly effective in obstructive cases but may also help in certain non-obstructive cases, depending on whether any sperm can still be found within the testicular tissue.
The sperm retrieved through TESA is generally used in ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection), where a single sperm is directly injected into an egg to achieve fertilization.
Who Might Need TESA?
TESA isn’t a procedure every couple will need—it’s specifically used in certain male infertility cases. It may be recommended for:
- Men diagnosed with azoospermia (no sperm in their semen)
- Men who’ve had a vasectomy but now want biological children
Men with blockages in the reproductive tract - Men whose sperm doesn’t appear in semen but may still be produced inside the testicles
- Couples undergoing IVF or ICSI, where obtaining sperm is a challenge
Before suggesting TESA, doctors typically perform a thorough evaluation, which may include semen analysis, hormone testing, and ultrasound imaging. If no sperm is found through less invasive means, then TESA becomes a potential option.
How is TESA Done?
TESA is a relatively straightforward procedure that doesn’t take long—usually around 15 to 30 minutes—and is performed as an outpatient service, meaning you go home the same day.
Here’s a step-by-step look at what usually happens during TESA:
- Local Anesthesia: The doctor numbs the area around the testicles, ensuring the procedure is painless.
- Needle Aspiration: A fine needle is gently inserted into the testicle to extract a small amount of tissue or fluid.
- Sperm Collection: The collected sample is examined under a microscope to look for viable sperm.
- Preservation or Use: If live sperm are found, they’re either used immediately (typically for ICSI) or frozen for future use.
Unlike surgical sperm retrieval techniques that require incisions, TESA is minimally invasive and leaves no scars. There are no stitches involved, and most patients experience only mild discomfort for a short time after the procedure.
What is Recovery Like After TESA?
Recovery from TESA is generally quick and uncomplicated. Most men are able to return to their normal routine within 24 to 48 hours.
Here’s what to expect during recovery:
- Mild soreness or bruising in the testicular area for a day or two
- Over-the-counter pain relief may be advised
- Avoiding strenuous activity or heavy lifting for a couple of days
- Wearing tight-fitting underwear or athletic support to reduce swelling
It’s a good idea to follow your doctor’s specific instructions for a smoother recovery. If there’s any unusual pain, swelling, or signs of infection, you should contact your doctor immediately.
TESA Cost in Kathmandu
The cost of TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration) in Kathmandu usually ranges between NPR 25,000 to NPR 60,000, depending on the clinic, location, and the expertise of the doctor. TESA is generally a one-time, day-care procedure done under local anesthesia, so the charges are lower compared to more complex surgeries. However, if TESA is being done as part of an IVF or ICSI treatment, it might either be included in the overall package or charged separately.
The total price may also vary if the sperm is being frozen for future use, as storage and freezing come with additional costs. Clinics in Kathmandu or other major cities might charge slightly more due to advanced facilities. It’s always a good idea to ask for a full breakdown of costs, including consultation, lab charges, anesthesia, and post-procedure care. Some clinics also offer discounts or bundled fertility packages, which can make it more affordable for couples.
Overall, while TESA is not extremely expensive in Kathmandu, it’s still important to plan your finances well and choose a trusted clinic to ensure both safety and success in your fertility journey.
Are TESA and IVF/ICSI Charged Separately?
Yes, often TESA is charged separately from IVF or ICSI. So, if you are undergoing IVF:
- IVF cost in Kathmandu: Around NPR 3,50,000 to NPR 5,00,000
- TESA as an add-on: NPR 25,000 to NPR 60,000
Some clinics offer package deals that include IVF, ICSI, TESA, embryo freezing, and transfer. These bundles may be more affordable in the long run.
What is the Success Rate of TESA?
TESA success depends on why there’s no sperm in the semen. Here’s an estimate:
- Obstructive Azoospermia: 90–100% sperm retrieval success
- Non-obstructive Azoospermia: 30–50% success (TESA may fail in some)
If TESA fails, doctors may recommend TESE or Micro-TESE as a backup. It’s important to follow your doctor’s suggestion based on your test results.
Is TESA Painful or Risky?
Most patients describe TESA as slightly uncomfortable but not painful. Since local anesthesia is used, the pain is minimal. After the procedure, you may feel:
- Mild soreness in the scrotum
- Swelling for a day or two
- Slight bruising
These symptoms usually go away within 48 hours. If there’s unusual pain, fever, or bleeding, contact your doctor immediately.
Risks are rare but may include:
- Infection
- Internal bleeding
- Swelling
- Temporary discomfort
Recovery After TESA
Recovery is usually fast and easy. Here’s what to expect:
Day 1–2:
- Rest at home
- Avoid physical work or lifting
- Use an ice pack if swelling occurs
Day 3–5:
- Resume light activities
Avoid sexual activity and masturbation
Day 6–7:
- Resume normal life if there are no complications
Wear comfortable underwear and follow your doctor’s post-op instructions properly.
Can You Use TESA Sperm for Future IVF Cycles?
Yes, in many cases, the sperm retrieved during TESA can be frozen and stored for future use. This means if your first IVF or ICSI cycle doesn’t work, you don’t need another TESA procedure.
Sperm freezing charges are separate and may cost NPR 10,000 to NPR 30,000, depending on the clinic and duration of storage.
Should You Be Worried About TESA?
Not at all. TESA is a very safe, tested, and effective procedure. Thousands of couples have successfully had children using sperm retrieved through TESA.
However, choosing the right clinic and doctor is crucial. Talk openly with your fertility expert, ask questions, and discuss all your options. Being well-informed is the best way to feel confident and comfortable.
Emotional and Relationship Support
Infertility treatment can take an emotional toll. It’s common to feel stress, anxiety, or even guilt. But remember:
- You are not alone
- Male infertility is just as common as female infertility
- Getting medical help shows strength, not weakness
Talk to each other. Be patient. If needed, speak to a counsellor or join a support group. Mental well-being is just as important as physical health.
Why choose the Nepal IVF Centre?
A compassionate service provider like Nepal IVF Centre is an expert in the field of parenthood and supports patients in making their parents’ dreams come true. We, at Nepal IVF Centre, have in place a fully experienced team that works round the clock to custom-create specialized IVF treatment strategies for all patients. We guarantee attentive and sophisticated care to all patients while using specialized technology to maximize success rates.
Our understanding of the IVF emotional journey enables us to actively support you throughout the process. Furthermore, my treatment options include very affordable and quality value statements, making IVF available to more families. Lastly, in our firm belief, the combination of success and comfort along with a welcoming environment makes us the best choice for people planning to start or grow a family.
Conclusion
To wrap it all up, TESA is a safe, simple, and affordable solution for couples facing male infertility, especially when sperm is being produced but can’t come out naturally due to a blockage. In Nepal, the cost is quite reasonabl usually between NPR 20,000 to NPR 50,000 making it accessible for many. The procedure is quick, involves minimal pain, and offers a high success rate when paired with treatments like ICSI.
If you and your partner have been trying for a baby and the doctor recommends TESA, don’t stress—it’s a common and well-practised method. Just make sure to choose a good clinic, ask all your questions, and go step by step. You’re not alone in this journey, and with the right support and guidance, starting your family could be closer than you think. Stay hopeful, take care of each other, and trust the process—you’ve got this.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Is TESA painful?
TESA is usually not painful because it is done under local anaesthesia. You might feel mild discomfort or soreness for a day or two after the procedure, but it’s manageable with rest and prescribed medicine.
Can I return to work immediately after TESA?
Most people can return to light work within 1–2 days. However, avoid heavy lifting, exercise, or sexual activity for at least 5–7 days as recommended by your doctor.
What happens if TESA doesn’t retrieve any sperm?
If TESA fails to find sperm, your doctor may recommend more advanced procedures like TESE or Micro-TESE, which are still safe and effective for many cases.
How long can TESA-retrieved sperm be stored?
Sperm retrieved through TESA can be frozen and stored for several years, depending on the clinic’s policy. You’ll need to pay an annual storage fee.
Is TESA only for IVF or ICSI?
Yes, sperm collected via TESA is usually not suitable for natural pregnancy. It is used in assisted reproductive techniques like IVF with ICSI, where sperm is injected directly into the egg.
Is TESA safe in Kathmandu?
Yes, TESA is considered safe in Kathmandu when performed by qualified fertility specialists in reputed clinics. Always choose a center with proper lab facilities and experienced doctors.